UK Law / Equity and Trusts / Problem Question Free Essay Example, 3000 words

As stated in Sections 182 and 183 of the Companies Act 1985 â€Å"a share transfer form must be executed and delivered with the share certificates followed by entry of the name of the new owner in the company books. † Failure to comply with these formal requirements, the intention of Donna to create a trust in favor of Abigail for the benefit of Sam and Mandy, created no legal effect. Besides, Donna’s will (presumed to be validly executed), remains standing up to the time of her death. If she really intended to transfer the shares to Abigail, she could have amended the same or executed a new one. In addition, Section 53 (1) © of Law of Property Act of 1925 states that, â€Å"Dispositions of equitable interests are void unless they are in writing, signed by the person disposing of the interests or by an agent authorized by that person. † B. 100,000 The money should revert back to Donna’s estate. The delivery of the cash to Toby together with the written instructions as to how to handle the money as well as its proceeds constitute implied trust in favor of Toby, and donation in favor of Essex-based actors who may need monetary assistance. We will write a custom essay sample on UK Law / Equity and Trusts / Problem Question or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As a general rule, an equity must demonstrate the existence of three (3) certainties namely, certainty of intention, certainty of subject matter, and certainty of object. In addition, the required formalities must be complied with. In certainty of intention, the intent to create a trust must be clearly manifested. In the case at bar, this has been complied with since Toby is already constituted an agent of Donna, together with the written instructions accompanying the money sent through the motorcycle courier. In certainty of subject matter, the property subject of the trust must be clearly identified. Here, the trust property was clearly mentioned, to wit, the income from the 100,000 to be invested. The certainty of objects on the other hand refers to the ascertainability of the intended beneficiaries. In this case, the beneficiaries are not clearly identifiable at the outset but remains to be identified, based on the exercise of discretion by the agent Toby. Thus, who should be given monetary assistance from the proceeds of the income generated from the investment of the 100,000 given by Donna to Toby is not even known to the trustor Donna. The exercise of discretion lies with the trustee Toby. As discussed in the similar case of McPhail v Doulton [1971] AC 424, â€Å"where discretionary trusts are concerned, the test for certainty is whether it can be said with certainty if any given individual is or is not a member of the class and the trust does not fall simply because it is not possible to ascertain every member of a class. † In this case, Lord Wilberforce re-stated the new test of certainty of beneficiaries thus, can it be said with certainty that any given individ ual is or is not a member of the class.

John B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology - 1266 Words

John B. Watson Psychologists have been focused on observing and understanding human behavior for centuries, dating back to the Greek philosophers when psychology and philosophy were considered one.Today, Psychology is the study of human behavior, beginning before birth and lasting until death. It is clear that the observance human behavior is a vast and profound source of data for psychologists. Early philosophers relied on methods of observation and logic. A physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt in the 1800’s began using scientific research methods in his study of mental processes. However, the situation was totally different in the beginning of 20th century when psychology still struggled to be regarded as a separate discipline with practical value(Mastering,2011). Psychologists had only begun to be accepted as a science. It was John B. Watson who established the school of Behaviorism and inspired many other psychologists to study patterns of human behavior and their mechanisms. Watson s con tribution to psychology is important not to underestimate; he studied animal and human behavior to come up with a methodology that would give Psychology a respected status among other scientific disciplines. This essay will focus on the biography and works of John B. Watson with a purpose to show why his works are important for Psychology today(Hergenhahn Henley, 2013). John B. Watson was born in 1878 in a rural area outside of South Carolina. Watson had formal religious trainingShow MoreRelatedJohn B. Watson s Theory Of Psychology1048 Words   |  5 PagesJohn B. Watson was a great American psychologist whose theories, publications, and experiments had an enduring influence on psychology. Possibly his biggest contributions to psychology were his theory of behaviorism and his experiment on Little Albert. Though Watson’s experiments were extremely unethical and behaviorism doesn’t account for biological psychology, Watson was an extremely remarkable psychologist because of his principal of behaviorism and his findings on classical conditioning. BackgroundRead MoreBehaviorism And Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism is one of many theories in the field of psychology. It can be applied in different learning scenarios for different research purposes. Biographical information will be provided about the founders of the theory who are John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. However, the information will focus more on their early education and known achievements. Furthermore, you will find different theories regarding behaviorism such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In order to understandRead MoreThe Psychology Theory Of Psychology Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think about psychology, it is normally thought about the study of the brain, the conscious and unconscious mind. However, there are many different divisions within the psychology field that focus on specific areas that introduce different theories. One of the divisions is the theory of Behavior ism. This theory was developed by John B. Watson and B.F Skinner. The theory implies that environmental stimulus can affect someone’s behavior. This behavioral psychology focuses on how a humans orRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : An Experimental Study On The Psychical Development Of The White Rat1622 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, the father of Behaviorism, was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson. John grew up in a mixed up household, his father was a known drinker while his mother was a devout Christian. Although he took after his father and got himself into some trouble growing up, he managed to gain admission to Furman College at age sixteen. Upon graduation from Furman, one of John’s professors turned mentor Gordon Moore helped him make the next step, and the followingRead MoreThe John B Watson s Life860 Words   |  4 Pages` John B Watson In 1878 John B Watson was born to Emma and Pickens Watson. A poor family in Greenville, South Carolina, his mother was very religious. John s father, with whom he was closer, did not follow the same rules of living as his mother. He drank, had extra-marital affairs, and left in 1891. Eventually John married Mary Ikes whom he met at the University of Chicago. Together they had two children, Mary and John. And, like his father, had affairs with a number of women. John and Mary finallyRead MorePerspectives Paper1467 Words   |  6 PagesBehaviorists and cognitive psychologists have debated for many years. It is from these two schools of thought that dueling informational ideas have been born. Originally, behaviorism was the leading school of thought being led by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. Later new ideas regarding the mind became more prominent. Edward C. Tolman was one of the more prominent figures of this field. Behaviorists looked for more evidence of behavior and rejected any ideas about the mind. An idea that was highlyRead MoreWatson, Skinner and Tolman Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 20th century, the science of psychology developed a role that identified it as an essential of life. John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman are a vital part of that journey transcending from the 19th century to what is now known as â€Å"modern day psychology† in 2012. In this succinct writing the contributions of each man will be revealed and deliberation to define their difference shall be incorporated herein. Although, each psychologist has commonalities in their perspectivesRead MoreFather Of Behaviorism : Broadus Watson935 Words   |  4 Pagesof Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. This new revolution was lead by John Broadus Watson, who is often thought ofRead MoreJohn Watson Vs. Carl Rogers770 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Watson Vs. Carl Rogers An Exploration in the History of Psychology Bradley (Afton) Hill Davidson County Community College Introduction Throughout the span of history, psychology has always existed. Humans have always pondered why we think, act, and see the world as we do. Most information we have on the very foundations of psychology come from philosophers and physicists such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner. Today I’ll be comparing two very different psychologists: JohnRead MorePsychology : The Influential Bunch1184 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity International PSY101 – Introduction to Psychology Module 1- Case Assignment October 18th, 2015 Dr. Wajama, Aslami The Influential Bunch Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the behavior and mental process of individuals. In psychology there are many different perspectives that are employed. In this paper, this student will identify a few influential psychologists that paved the road for modern psychology. John B. Watson was a pioneering figure in the development of the

How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era Free Essays

Mr.Tan How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era In this essay I will explore and explain how the atmosphere of tension and suspense is built up in short stories in the Victorian period. I will show how various techniques build the overall effect. We will write a custom essay sample on How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will do this by comparing and contrasting three short stories, â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and â€Å"The Red Room† by H. G. Wells. These stories are similar in many ways and all consist of mysterious irrational plots. The Victorians were concerned with the idea of rationality, science over religion, and this is reflected in these stories To begin with I will look at the characters in the stories. Characters can help reflect the atmosphere of a story, an example of this is the old people in â€Å"The Red Room†. They are very strange, say very little and are nameless. They represent the irrational. There are examples of irrational characters in the other stories. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the irrational character is called Dr. Roylott, a mysterious person who you know little of. After coming back from India he allows animals he has brought back with him roam freely around his house. This is particularly relevant to the Victorian era as India was part of the English empire and was seen as a wild, uncivilised place, to reflect Dr, Roylott’s character. The irrational character in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† is actually the narrator, who once again has no name. This character becomes insane and is obsessed with his guest’s â€Å"vulture eye†. In the end he murders his guest and places him under the floor boards. The character is haunted by the beat of his victim’s heart and he is forced to confess his crime. The way the text has been written also reflects the character as he repeats words and puts some in capital. In these stories there seems to always be a character that represents the rational and logical, in contrast to the irrational. An example of this is the narrator in â€Å"The Red Room†. He enters the mysterious house with a logical and scientific approach. He completely denies the possibilities of the super natural and heads to the haunted room completely calm expecting nothing out of the ordinary. However, he falls victim to the super natural spirits of the Red Room and fear overwhelms him. He is forced to believe that there is something unnatural in this room. This style of character is also portrayed in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† as Inspector Holmes. He enters the crime scene with a rational approach. He uses logical methods to surveys his surroundings and solves the mystery. This would appeal to the Victorians attitude towards rationality Unlike â€Å"The Red Room† Sherlock Holmes solves the crime with rationality and does not fall victim to the irrational and super natural ideas, and logic triumphs. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† does not involve a main rational character, but the very presence of an officer causes the mad narrator to confess his crime. I will now look at the language the authors use. All three stories have a lot of dark adjectives that evoke an eerie atmosphere that really helps describe the mood of a scene. For instance in â€Å"The Red Room†, words like â€Å"pale† and â€Å"monstrous† are used. These really help create a sense of suspense by setting the scene. Colours are used frequently also. The use of varied sentence length is another technique used. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band†, the author uses long detailed sentences to really describe the situation well and set a good picture of the story. This reflects Sherlock Holmes’ character that looks at everything in detail. In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Red Room† the use of short sentences is used to build great tension and suspense. E.g. â€Å"I felt that I must scream or die! And now –again! –hark! Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!† Another technique is the use of repetition. In â€Å"The Red Room†, the word â€Å"dark† is repeated a lot and so is the warning â€Å"This night of all nights†. This helps get the idea across by constantly hitting the reader with this information. This is also used in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as a way of expressing the narrator’s madness. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the idea of murder is repeated. There is a wide use of similes and metaphors of darkness and fear in the stories. These can help describe the mood of the story. An example of this is in â€Å"like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars† in â€Å"The Red Room†. Personification is also used as a good technique of description. â€Å"Little tongue of light† References to senses help describe the situation as well by giving a sensation that we can relate to like smell and touch. Now I will look at the setting. The setting of a story can help reflect the overall mood. A dark, old, gloomy house can create a feeling of dread and fear. Victorians were concerned with appearances and a derelict house was considered awful. In the description of a setting, pathetic fallacies can be used. A Pathetic fallacy is when the weather of a scene reflects the mood of man. For instance it says â€Å"the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing† in â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† , this creates a turbulent atmosphere that can suggest menace and murder. The structures of the stories are fairly similar also. They usually start with a description of characters and setting and an introduction to the plot to engage interest. The plot then unfolds and a dramatic event happens, the killing of the guest in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† or the events inside the haunted room in â€Å"The Red Room†. The plot unfolds or resolves and there is a period looking back. In â€Å"The Adventure of The Speckled Band† the crime is solved and in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† the mad-man confesses his crime. I find that there are various techniques used to create tension and suspense in these stories. Characters help reflect the atmosphere and mood of a story or scene and we can see a situation more clearly based on how a character reacts. The language is very important as it is how we read the story. Techniques such as personification and repetition can effectively create suspense and tension. The setting can also help reflect the mood of the story. And there is also the contrast between irrationality and rationality that appears throughout the stories. All these techniques create a powerful overall effect that appeals to the reader. How to cite How suspense and tension is created in stories from the Victorian era, Papers